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Though the phrase was used for this Parliament in 1745 it only seems to have become common towards the end of the nineteenth century. The only seventeenth century uses of the phrase I’ve found either use it for the assembly of royalist Members of the 1641 Long Parliament that met at the king’s headquarters at Oxford in 1644, or for the Irish Parliament elected in 1661. In fact, the word seems not to have been applied to the 1661 Parliament until much later.
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‘Cavalier’ was a word taken from Spanish, which originally meant simply a cavalryman, but had acquired connotations of the sort of loud, confident and aggressive behaviour that you might expect of young seventeenth-century gentlemen, and had then been applied to the king’s supporters in the war. To call it the ‘Cavalier’ Parliament was to associate it with the royalists of the Civil War. The new Parliament did all it could to support the revival of the episcopal Church of England: it brought bishops back into the House of Lords, from whence they had been removed in 1641 it passed a new Act of Uniformity, imposing qualifications on parish clergy designed to winkle out those who felt that the English church remained too close to the old, Catholic, religion it passed a Corporation Act, intended to remove from local government anyone who might sympathise with the ideas about church or state that had brought about the revolution and it created a set of new and draconian penalties against people who attended informal religious services outside the structures of the Church – the Conventicle Acts, the ‘quintessence of arbitrary malice’, as they were called by Andrew Marvell, the celebrated poet, a Member of the Parliament who was a key figure among the ‘Presbyterians’, as they were called, whose efforts to oppose such legislation were, though well-organised, unavailing.
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Charles II of England in Coronation robes, circa 1661-1662Īmong its principal preoccupations was religion. His new Parliament fitted the bill: ‘no man’, wrote his lord chancellor and chief minister, the earl of Clarendon, ‘could wish a more active spirit to be in them, than they were in truth possessed with’. As far as the king was concerned, the Convention needed to be replaced as soon as possible with something more vigorously reactionary. It was the Convention of 1660, elected a year earlier, that had brought the Interregnum to an end, summoning Charles II back from his continental exile but men who had fought for the king and his father had been deliberately excluded from it. The Parliament elected in April 1661 was designed to sweep away the last vestiges of the English Revolution and restore the monarchy to its pre-Civil War glory. Today Paul Seaward, British Academy/Wolfson Research Professor at the History of Parliament Trust explores the Cavalier Parliament, the first Parliament after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660…
#CAVALIER QUEEN WORDPRESSCOM SERIES#
The subject of dangerous gossip and public scandal, she is powerless to calm the storm which will lead to tragedy.Our ‘Named Parliaments’ series continues. Together they work for the royalist cause, pawning the crown jewels, securing men and arms, and returning to England to lead an army south.Īs England is torn apart, Henrietta's heart is torn between the two men she loves, between duty and illicit passion. Tall and brave, Harry Jermyn is captivated by the witty French princess, just 14 years old when she sails with him to Dover, queen of a land she has never seen, of a people whose language she cannot speak, who despise her for her faith - and wife of a king she has never met.Ĭharles grows to love her, but rebellion and the threat of execution force her into exile and into the arms of Harry, who risks his life for her sake. It was Charles I's love for his queen, Henrietta Maria, that plummeted England into the darkness of the Civil Wars, but it was the love and loyalty of another man that sustained her through days of betrayal, destitution, and death.